The Best Fertilizer for Maize and When to Apply It

Many farmers who took advantage of subsidized fertilizer ended up planting without applying it at sowing, hoping to apply it later.

However, delayed fertilizer application can be more costly and may reduce yield potential.

For optimal maize growth, the best fertilizers to use are:

• DAP (Di-Ammonium Phosphate) – Best for early root development
• NPK 23:23:0 – Ideal for boosting nitrogen and phosphorus levels
• CAN (Calcium Ammonium Nitrate) – Essential for kernel and cob development

Here’s a detailed guide on when and how to apply these fertilizers for the best maize yields.

1. DAP Fertilizer – Best for Planting Stage

When to Apply: At planting or within 14 days after sowing
Nutrient Content:

• 18% Nitrogen (N) – Enhances leaf growth
• High Phosphorus (P) – Boosts root development

Why Use DAP?

Despite criticism, DAP fertilizer remains the best for early maize growth, providing essential nitrogen and phosphorus for strong roots.

Pro Tip:
Applying nitrogen foliar fertilizers at this stage can accelerate maize growth for an even better yield.

2. NPK 23:23:0 – Best for Top Dressing & Fast Growth

When to Apply: One month after planting
Nutrient Content:

• 23% Nitrogen (N) – Promotes vegetative growth
• 23% Phosphorus (P) – Strengthens roots & stems
• 0% Potassium (K) – Not required at this stage

Why Use NPK 23:23:0 Instead of CAN at This Stage?

Many farmers mistakenly apply CAN fertilizer when maize is 1 foot high. However, at this stage, calcium (in CAN) does not significantly benefit the crop. Instead, using NPK 23:23:0 provides higher nitrogen and phosphorus levels, which boost growth and shorten maturity time.

Read Also: How to Manage Maize Crop for Higher Yield in 2025

3. CAN Fertilizer – Best for Flowering & Kernel Development

When to Apply: 50-60 days after sowing (at flowering stage)
Nutrient Content:

• Calcium (Ca) – Essential for big kernels & strong cobs
• Low Nitrogen (N) – Supports final crop development

Why Apply CAN Fertilizer at Flowering?

At the flowering stage, maize requires more calcium and less nitrogen to ensure:

• Bigger kernels
• Stronger cobs
• Higher yield per acre

Using CAN fertilizer too early means the calcium will not benefit the plant, which is why it’s best applied at flowering (50-60 days after planting).

Pro Tips for Proper Fertilizer Application

• Always apply fertilizers on wet soil to prevent nutrient loss
• Avoid direct contact with maize stems or leaves to prevent burns
• Use foliar fertilizers when necessary to enhance nitrogen uptake

By applying the right fertilizer at the right time, you can maximize your maize yields and increase profitability.

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